There's not much to cover here. As already discussed, when you create a node, Drupal automatically gives it a path (like node/53), or you can give it a path yourself (like product_catalog).
To create a page from that node, then, you don't really need to do anything special. Just go to the node's path (presumably via a menu item you've created for the purpose), and Drupal will whip up a page centered around that node, surrounded by the blocks, graphical elements, footer, and other accountrements you've set up for the site.
That's it!
Many sites use the front page to list a number of nodes, or to list short excerpts from a number of nodes. But you can, if you like, set Drupal to build your front page around a single node, as above. See Setting the Front Page.