Meta-resources

Drupal handbooks

The big Drupal.org documentation library.
http://drupal.org/handbooks

Drupal Cookbook (for New Drupallers)

One helpful Drupal pro's work at beefing up the documentation that newbies need to get running.
http://drupal.org/node/120612
Also see http://nanwich.info/DrupalCookbook.htm.

Beginner's Guide to Drupal

A 22-page overview for Drupal newcomers, with helpful pointers to specific modules for several common needs.
http://www.learnbythedrop.com/beginners-guide-to-drupal 

Topic-specific resources

Drupal Modules

A third-party (not Drupal.org) site to discuss and review modules. Looks promising as an aid to wading through the thousands of modules out there!
http://drupalmodules.com/

Tutorials, lessons, etc.

Drupaldojo

Wow. Lessons for Drupalistas of all levels. It's resources like this that are going to make the platform thrive. Dive in!
http://www.drupaldojo.com/
Also see http://groups.drupal.org/drupal-doj

Lullabot

More great Drupal lessons, podcasts, and other fun.
http://www.lullabot.com/

Mastering Drupal

Nice tutorials, with SEO-related goodness too.
http://www.masteringdrupal.com/

The Anatomy of a Front Page

A nice look at the subject.
http://ryan.grinhost.net/tutorial/2007/anatomy_front_page

Videocasts

The drupal.org list of educational videocasts.
http://drupal.org/videocasts

The Art Lab Drupal School

Video podcasts full of Drupal how-to.
http://www.theartlab.net/podcast/drupal-school

Shell Multimedia Drupal Tutorials and Articles

Build your own full-featured user portal, or port themes.
http://shellmultimedia.com/node/3

The Power of Drupal Categories

Categories = taxonomy, terms, vocabulary, tags, keywords; that stuff. One of Drupal's strongest features, and often a puzzle for newbies. Any resource to help here is a great thing!
http://digitalsolutions.ph/couchkamotereviews/power_drupal_categories

SolutionBase: Build a community Web space with Drupal

A short but nice overview on setting up Drupal from scratch and configuring a few basics.
http://articles.techrepublic.com.com/2415-3513_11-167667.html

Drupal CMS Video Tutorials

Collection of how-to videos.
http://www.seoecom.com/cms

Drupal and Web Services

A handful of video tutorials: Installing TinyMCE, using Webforms, and organizational site architecture, as of this writing.
http://geoffhankerson.com/drupal-and-web-services

Create a Killer Band Site with Drupal: A 6-part Tutorial Series

Wow. This one is more advanced – not on the Drupal admin front, but in the graphic design and theming department. Gaze upon this amazing Drupal job and despair. Or become inspired. http://www.gomediazine.com/tutorials/create-a-killer-band-site-with-drup...

Drupal and SEO

Richard's Dummies Guide to Drupal SEO

Good overview!
http://www.mylittleportal.com/richards-dummies-guide-seo-drupal.html

Drupal sites and themes

Themes

The Drupal.org collection of user-contributed themes you can download and use. With so many, you're bound to find many you like (and many you viscerally loathe as well). Happy hunting!
http://drupal.org/project/Themes

Drupalsites.net

Directory of nifty sites made with Drupal. Gaze upon them, as I do, and ask "why can't I make sites look this good?" With these sites as inspirations, we'll get there all the sooner.
http://www.drupalsites.net/

Theme Garden Drupal 6 Themes

On the cutting edge: themes and related info for Drupal 6.
http://themegarden.org/drupal6/

Troubleshooting

How to troubleshoot (read this first)

May you not need this too much. (But you will anyway.)
http://drupal.org/node/72108

Other reading

Drupal and the New Paradigm for Content Management

A theoretical look at what taxonomy means for Drupal. Good reading if you know something about CMS but are a newbie to Drupal itself.
http://digitalsolutions.ph/couchkamotereviews/newCMS

Drupalmen and Drupalwomen! What other vital resources do you suggest?